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Transmembrane protein
A transmembrane protein (TP) is a type of membrane protein spanning the entirety of the biological membrane to which it is permanently attached. That is, transmembrane proteins span from one side of a membrane through to the other side of the membrane. Firm attachment of TP to biological membrane is aided by a special class of membrane lipids, called annular lipid shell. Many TPs function as gateways or "loading docks" to deny or permit the transport of specific substances across the biological membrane, to get into the cell, or out of the cell as in the case of waste byproducts. As a response to the shape of certain molecules these "freight handling" TPs may have special ways of folding up or bending that will move a substance through the biological membrane.
Transmembrane proteins are polytopic proteins that aggregate and precipitate in water. They require detergents or nonpolar solvents for extraction, although some of them (beta-barrels) can be also extracted using denaturing agents. All transmembrane proteins are integral membrane proteins (IMPs), but not all IMPs are transmembrane proteins.
==Types==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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